And the associated Python codes are available at /wangyyhhh, thus enabling a quick-start for researchers to build their own ACMD applications by slight modifications. The model establishment, program design, training methods and performance evaluation are described in detail. Then, a maneuver decision-making method based on one-to-one dogfight scenarios is proposed to enable UAV to win short-range air combat. And special attentions are given to the design of reward function, which is the core of DRL-based ACMD. It starts from the DRL itself and then extents to its application in ACMD. For this reason, this paper first provides a comprehensive literature review to help people grasp a whole picture of this field. However, as an emerging topic, there lacks a systematic review and tutorial. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL), which is suitable for sequential decision-making process, provides a powerful solution tool for air combat maneuver decision-making (ACMD), and hundreds of related research papers have been published in the last five years. During the operation, UAVs are expected to perform agile and safe maneuvers according to the dynamic mission requirement and complicated battlefield environment. Nowadays, various innovative air combat paradigms that rely on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), i.e., UAV swarm and UAV-manned aircraft cooperation, have received great attention worldwide.
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